Reducing Complexity of Java Source Codes in Structural Testing by Using Program Slicing

Structural testing is one of the techniques of software testing. It tests only the structure of the source code while comparing expected results and actual results. Generally, structural testing takes a long time to perform its task and not possible. Sometimes, only a small portion of the program is relevant. This can be done by program slicing. Program Slicing is to decompose the program into smaller units that depends on different types of dependencies between the program statements. The different types of program slicing are forward slicing, backward slicing, complete slicing, dynamic and static slicing, etc. Moreover, there is Tree Slicing which is also a key technique to slice and merge different Symbolic Execution (SE) sub-trees under some specific conditions.  In this paper, we combine Tree Slicing technique and Indus Kaveri where Indus is a robust framework for analyzing and slicing concurrent Java programs, and Kaveri is a feature-rich Eclipse-based GUI front end for Indus slicing. Then we present the experimental results in order to reduce the complexity of the java source code

Domain-Specific Sentiment Lexicon for Classification

Nowadays people express their opinions about products, government policies, schemes and programs over social media sites using web or mobile. At the present time, in our country, government changes policies in every sector and people follow with the eyes or the mind on these policies and express their opinion by writing comments on social media especially using Facebook news media pages. Therefore, our research group intends to do sentiment analysis on new articles. Domain-specific sentiment lexicon has played an important role in opinion mining system. Due to the ubiquitous domain diversity and absence of domain-specific prior knowledge, construction of domain-specific lexicon has become a challenging research topic in recent year. In this paper, lexicon construction for sentiment analysis is described. In this work, there are two main steps: (1) pre-processing on raw data comments that are extracted from Facebook news media pages and (2) constructing lexicon for coming classification work. The word correlation and chi-square statistic are applied to construct lexicon as desired. Experimental results on comments datasets demonstrate that proposed approach is suitable for construction the domain-specific lexicon

Investigation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Bogalay Township, Myanmar in 1999

An investigation was in Nyi-naung-wa village, Bogalay township for Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection and the possibility of a JE outbreak. JE virus antibody was determined among the pigs and the people living near the pig farms in that village and at an adjacent village as a control. The known JE virus vector Culex mosquito species were also identified in both villages. Haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) methods were used for the detectioon of JE and dengue antibodies. Homotypic or monotypic JE antibodies were detected in 33% of the pigs tested. No homotypic nor monotypic JE antibodis was detected among the villagers. Although there was no JE virus infection among the people, because of the presence of JE virus infection among the pigs and the presence of Culex mosquito vector in that area, the possibility of a JE outbreak in humans in that area, if the number of pig breeding per household increase and the mosquito density become higher is discussed

Sucrose preferentially promotes expression of OsWRKY7 and OsPR10a to enhance defense response to blast fungus in rice

Sucrose controls various developmental and metabolic processes in plants. It also functions as a signaling molecule in the synthesis of carbohydrates, storage proteins, and anthocyanins, as well as in floral induction and defense response. We found that sucrose preferentially induced OsWRKY7, whereas other sugars (such as mannitol, glucose, fructose, galactose, and maltose) did not have the same effect. A hexokinase inhibitor mannoheptulose did not block the effect of sucrose, which is consequently thought to function directly. MG132 inhibited sucrose induction, suggesting that a repressor upstream of OsWRKY7 is degraded by the 26S proteasome pathway. The 3-kb promoter sequence of OsWRKY7 was preferentially induced by sucrose in the luciferase system. Knockout mutants of OsWRKY7 were more sensitive to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, whereas the overexpression of OsWRKY7 enhanced the resistance, indicating that this gene is a positive regulator in the plant defense against this pathogen. The luciferase activity driven by the OsPR10a promoter was induced by OsWRKY7 and this transcription factor bound to the promoter region of OsPR10a, suggesting that OsWRKY7 directly controls the expression of OsPR10a. We conclude that sucrose promotes the transcript level of OsWRKY7, thereby increasing the expression of OsPR10a for the defense response in rice

Natural Scene Interactive Segmentation Using Edge Detection and Maximal Similarity Region Merging

A fundamental problem in image processing isimage segmentation. The conventional imagesegmentation methods, to some extent, all suffer fromthe problem of inaccurate segmentation. A slightlyeasier and more approachable problem, interactivesegmentation, has also received a lot of attentions overthe years. In this paper, we propose a fast and simpleinteractive image segmentation technique. Thissegmentation process is conducted in two modules.First, the original image is detected by canny edgedetection method. Second, the object ofinterest issegmented by using the region merging based onmaximal similarity. In this work, color feature is usedto measure the closeness between two regions andaccordingly the label of the unmarked region isdecided. The proposed method extracts the object fromthe complex background in the image. Theeffectiveness of the proposed method is validated byexperimental results and compared with other method

Efficient Interactive Segmentation using Modified Maximal Similarity Region Merging

Interactive image segmentation has manyapplications in image processing, computervision, computer graphics and medical imageanalysis. In medical applications, imagesegmentation is a fundamental process in mostsystems that support medical diagnosis, surgicalplanning and treatments. In many editing tasks,the aim is to separate a foreground object fromits background. Therefore, we propose a fast andsimple interactive image segmentation techniquein this paper. The proposed methodautomatically merges the regions that areinitially segmented by mean shift segmentation,and then effectively extracts the object contourby labeling all the non-marker regions as eitherbackground or object. Moreover, manyexperiments are tested and the results show thatthe proposed method is faster than the existingmethod. Therefore, the proposed method iseffective and can quickly and accurately segmentfor both medical and natural scene images with ease

Application of A Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

In this paper, an attempt is made to study the applicability of a general purpose, supervised feed forward neural network with one hidden layer, namely; Radial Basic Function (RBF) neural network. It uses relatively smaller number of locally tuned units and its adaptive in nature. RBFs are suitable for pattern recognition and classification. An artificial neural network with radial basic function is applied for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus system This system consists of three phases: preprocessing, training and testing

User Session based Test Cases Prioritization for Web Applications Testing

Nowadays, web application is crucial for mostdaily activities that rely on the web services. Toimprove the quality of reliable web services, webapplication testing has been used in finding faultsunder test. User session based testing is one approachto create test cases with real user data that arecollected from daily user logs. The main considerableproblem is how to reduce the cost of web applicationtesting in time without service interruption. However,real user data is reduced as the test cases, all thereduced test cases cannot be executed completelyunder time constraints in practice. In this paper, thetest cases prioritization criterion is proposed toschedule the test cases in order to improve the rate offault detection. This criterion is based on two factors,frequency of sequences and dependent count of webpages. Most current techniques use a random methodto prioritize test cases when they have the samepriority. The proposed prioritization method considersthis fact that there are multiple test cases with the samepriority

Test Cases Prioritization in User Session based Testing for Improving Fault Detection Rate

Web application testing has been usedin finding various faults in order to improve thequality of reliable web services. Among testcases generation approaches, user session basedtesting is an approach to create test cases withreal user data. However, real user data usage isextremely large and executing all the test casescan be time consuming in practice. Executing allthe tests in a reduced test suite can still be timeconsuming in practice. This paper describes thetest cases prioritization method to schedule thetest cases in order to improve the rate of faultdetection. This criterion is based on two factors,frequency (Feq) and dependent count (Dept) ofrequests. The average percent of fault detected(APFD) metric is used to reveal the permutationof test cases in a way may lead to fasterdetection available faults in a modified versionof web application

Status and Determinant of Health Literacy: A Study Among Adult Population in Selected Areas of Myanmar

Health literacy means congnitive and social skills of an individual that determine his or her ability to access, understand and use health information in order to promote and maintain good health. Health literacy is important not only for health but also for socioeconomic development because limited health literacy increases health care cost